Spatiotemporal evolution of urban theft crimes and mechanism in the context of regular COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control: A case study of Haining, Zhejiang

Existing studies show that the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on crime occurrences. However, it remains to be empirically examined whether the regular pandemic prevention and control measures in China can significantly affect the spatial patterns of crimes. To fill this gap, this study chosed the central urban area of Haining City in Zhejiang Province, which had taken the regular pandemic prevention and control measures, as the research area. Using standard deviation ellipse and kernel density estimation methods, this study examined the spatiotemporal patterns of theft crimes between February 2018 and July 2021 in the study area. The results show that: 1) While there were no significant changes in the hourly patterns of theft crimes within a day, the monthly number of thefts in the study area decreased by an average of 53% after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and fluctuated between 100 to 200 thefts per month. The regular COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control measures had a long-term and stable inhibitory effect on the number of theft crimes in Haining City. 2) The intensity and amount of hotspots for theft crimes in the study area decreased significantly during February 2020 and July 2021 when compared with the pre-pandemic period, and the spatial distribution patterns of theft crimes were relatively stable. 3) For the 12 crime hotspots identified for the pre-pandemic period, the monthly number of crimes decreased between 52% and 78% on average after the outbreak while trajectories of their quarterly temporal changes differed significantly. The average crime drop for the 12 hotspot areas were 63%, which was higher than that for the whole study area. 4) Seven crime-control measures were identified among the regular pandemic prevention and control measures based on the routine activity theory and the crime triangle theory. Functional type of place, geographic location, and pre-pandemic local governance ability all played an important role in affecting the actual crime-control effects of the seven regular COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control measures. The results of this study are important for understanding the spatial evolution of crimes under the influence of major public health emergencies and for formulating scientific strategies for crime prevention and control. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.

The impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on residential burglary hotspots: A case study of the core urban areas of Beijing

In order to analyze the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control measures on the hotspots of residential burglary, the data of crimes that occurred during the First Level Response period of Major Public Health Emergencies in Beijing in 2020 and the same period in 2019 were collected, and the changes of hotspots during the two periods were compared by using kernel density estimation and predictive accuracy index. Consequently, the environmental features such as street network, point of interest (POI) diversity, crime locations, and repeat victimization in significantly varied hotspot areas were investigated. The results show that: 1) After the outbreak of the pandemic, the occurrence of residential burglary in the core urban areas of Beijing dropped significantly, and daily occurrence of crimes during the First Level Response period in 2020 decreased by 66.8% compared with the same days in 2019. 2) The eight major hotspots that existed in 2019 apparently declined during the corresponding days in 2020, five of them basically disappeared, and three hotspots weakened. 3) The declined hotspots were generally clustered around traffic hubs, areas with high diversity of POIs, clustered crimes, and repeat victimizations. 4) Home isolation and social restriction strategies implemented during the First Level Response period reduced the opportunities of offenders, and the real-name inspection adopted in public places increased the exposure risk of offenders, which are the main reasons for the hotspots decline during the pandemic. This work has some implications for crime prevention and police resources optimization during the pandemic. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved.

Linguistic methods in healthcare application and COVID-19 variants classification.

One of the most important goals of modern medicine is prevention against pandemic and civilization diseases. For such tasks, advanced IT infrastructures and intelligent AI systems are used, which allow supporting patients' diagnosis and treatment. In our research, we also try to define efficient tools for coronavirus classification, especially using mathematical linguistic methods. This paper presents the ways of application of linguistics techniques in supporting effective management of medical data obtained during coronavirus treatments, and possibilities of application of such methods in classification of different variants of the coronaviruses detected for particular patients. Currently, several types of coronavirus are distinguished, which are characterized by differences in their RNA structure, which in turn causes an increase in the rate of mutation and infection with these viruses.

Student close contact behavior and COVID-19 transmission in China's classrooms.

Classrooms are high-risk indoor environments, so analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in classrooms is important for determining optimal interventions. Due to the absence of human behavior data, it is challenging to accurately determine virus exposure in classrooms. A wearable device for close contact behavior detection was developed, and we recorded >250,000 data points of close contact behaviors of students from grades 1 to 12. Combined with a survey on students' behaviors, we analyzed virus transmission in classrooms. Close contact rates for students were 37 ± 11% during classes and 48 ± 13% during breaks. Students in lower grades had higher close contact rates and virus transmission potential. The long-range airborne transmission route is dominant, accounting for 90 ± 3.6% and 75 ± 7.7% with and without mask wearing, respectively. During breaks, the short-range airborne route became more important, contributing 48 ± 3.1% in grades 1 to 9 (without wearing masks). Ventilation alone cannot always meet the demands of COVID-19 control; 30 m3/h/person is suggested as the threshold outdoor air ventilation rate in a classroom. This study provides scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control in classrooms, and our proposed human behavior detection and analysis methods offer a powerful tool to understand virus transmission characteristics and can be employed in various indoor environments.

Supporting One Health for Pandemic Prevention: The Need for Ethical Innovation.

Bioethics is a field in which innovation is required to help prevent and respond to zoonotic diseases with the potential to cause epidemics and pandemics. Some of the developments necessary to fight pandemics, such as COVID-19 vaccines, require public debate on the benefits and risks of individual choice versus responsibility to society. While these debates are necessary, a more fundamental ethical innovation to rebalance human, animal, and environmental interests is also needed. One Health (OH) can be characterized as a strategy that recognizes and promotes the synergy between human, animal, and environmental health. Yet, despite the recognition that these entities are interdependent, there is a pronounced inequality in the power relations between human, non-human animal, and the environmental interests which threatens the well-being of all. Until OH can ensure the moral status of animals and the environment and thereby the equal consideration of these interests, it will struggle to protect non-human interests and, as a result, human health. To create a sustainable health system requires a renewed concept of justice that is ecocentric in nature and an application of OH that is flexible and responsive to different ethical interests (e.g., person-centred care and physician responsibilities). Ultimately, to save themselves, humans must now think beyond themselves. Bioethics must assume a key role in supporting the developments required to create and maintain relationships able to sustain environmental and human health.

Effectiveness Analysis of Public Transit Pandemic Prevention Strategy Considering Traveler Risk Perception

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there have been hundreds of millions of confirmed cases in the world, and people can strongly perceive the risk of infection with the virus in their daily lives, which has seriously affected people's life and travel, thus hindering the development of all sectors of society, especially the transportation sector. Taking China as an example, since the outbreak of the pandemic, China's overall public transportation passenger volume has decreased by about 37%, seriously affecting the normal running of the public transit. Therefore, the ways of ensuring the normal running of the public transport system during the pandemic has become the focus of this paper. In order to solve this problem, this paper constructed a SEM model based on pandemic risk perception, analyzed the impact of public transit pandemic prevention strategies (TPS) on risk perception (RP) and travel mode use according to the personal trip survey data in Harbin, China during the pandemic. The results showed that people's risk perception had a significant negative impact on car usage and transit usage. In other words, people's risk perception of virus infection had a great impact on travel, especially on the use of public transit. The transit pandemic prevention strategy had a significant negative impact on risk perception, and had a significant positive impact on people's use of transit. This showed that in the current pandemic outbreak period, the transit pandemic prevention strategy proposed by the Harbin authorities cannot effectively reduce transit usage, and can provide proven and effective transit pandemic prevention strategies. This provided an important support for ensuring the normal running of the public transit system and guiding the sustainable development of public transit during the outbreak of the pandemic.

Pediatric initiative on improving uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the time of regular COVID-19 prevention and control, it has been a medical priority to standardize the management of other diseases (like seasonal influenza) and relevant vaccination, especially to prevent the epidemic of both seasonal influenza and COVID-19 in winter and spring. In the influenza season of winter and spring, children are among those most vulnerable to influenza, making primary schools, secondary schools and nursing centers an influenza epicenter. To reduce the chance of infection among children, Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance (GPPA )has organized an expert team to make a proposal. This proposal introduces the epidemiologic features of child influenza, the status quo of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the necessity of child influenza shots during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, vaccination strategies based on national and international guidelines/consensuses are elaborated for the reference of relevant people from all walks of life.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.

Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics.

The pathogens that cause most emerging infectious diseases in humans originate in animals, particularly wildlife, and then spill over into humans. The accelerating frequency with which humans and domestic animals encounter wildlife because of activities such as land-use change, animal husbandry, and markets and trade in live wildlife has created growing opportunities for pathogen spillover. The risk of pathogen spillover and early disease spread among domestic animals and humans, however, can be reduced by stopping the clearing and degradation of tropical and subtropical forests, improving health and economic security of communities living in emerging infectious disease hotspots, enhancing biosecurity in animal husbandry, shutting down or strictly regulating wildlife markets and trade, and expanding pathogen surveillance. We summarize expert opinions on how to implement these goals to prevent outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.

US National Institutes of Health Prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Since late 2020, SARS-CoV-2 variants have regularly emerged with competitive and phenotypic differences from previously circulating strains, sometimes with the potential to escape from immunity produced by prior exposure and infection. The Early Detection group is one of the constituent groups of the US National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution program. The group uses bioinformatic methods to monitor the emergence, spread, and potential phenotypic properties of emerging and circulating strains to identify the most relevant variants for experimental groups within the program to phenotypically characterize. Since April 2021, the group has prioritized variants monthly. Prioritization successes include rapidly identifying most major variants of SARS-CoV-2 and providing experimental groups within the National Institutes of Health program easy access to regularly updated information on the recent evolution and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 that can be used to guide phenotypic investigations.

Transmission, Prevention and Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19: Updates and Challenges

Background: Almost the whole world is observing a pandemic like never before in the last century, affecting the human lifestyle and economies known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). A new severe acute respiratory syndrome that has emerged in China in late 2019 and spread in more than 210 countries makes a global health care emergency. Objective(s): Considering the epidemiological features of COVID-19, it is crucial to prevent the spread of such a highly infectious disease through effective control methods such as early detec-tion, isolation, and treatment strategies. Conclusion(s): This review highlights the SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes among communities and control measures, improving the quarantine and isolation of infected individuals. The "gold stan-dard" molecular and other rapid diagnostic tests used to detect SARS-CoV-2 with their benefits and limitations have been reported. Several repurposed drugs, including antivirals trailed for COVID-19 patients, and supportive treatments, such as general, cellular, and immune therapies with the role of vitamins in the safe deployment for COVID-19 patients, have been discussed. Fi-nally, the review also encompasses an overview and update about the recent development of COVID-19 vaccines and ongoing clinical studies, providing further research advances.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

Examination of Gender Difference in Heart Disease-Related Excess Deaths during COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Findings from the United States

Background/Objective: Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States, and women are experiencing more strokes at younger ages than men. Despite accumulating evidence of increased burden of heart disease among women, there is little data on gender difference in heart disease-related mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): This study extracted the data of weekly number of deaths between January 2017 and December 2020 from the United States Center for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) mortality and morbidity data, modified to a monthly scale. Stratified by gender, the study applied the Farrington method on monthly data to calculate excess number of deaths. Excess heart disease-related deaths were observed in March and July 2020 for both males and females. Result(s): While the overall number of heart disease-related deaths was higher in men than women among US population <75 years old, a greater rate increase of heart disease-related deaths in 2020 from 2019 was observed among women than men. This increased burden was more pronounced among young women <25 years old. A similar pattern of excess deaths caused by underlying heart disease condition was observed for both genders during COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, increase in heart disease-related death burden in 2020 from 2019 was greater amongst females than males. This may be partially accounted for by deferred cardiovascular care and prevention amongst women during the pandemic. Conclusion(s): While no gender difference was observed in excess deaths caused by underlying heart disease condition, females faced a greater increase in heart disease-related death burden during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic than males. Copyright: Copyright © 2022 The Author(s).

An experience of scaling and intensifying the industrial production of the Gam-COVID-Vac vector adenovirus vaccine in the limiting conditions of the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a global challenge to the health system. More than 200 years of world epidemiological experience since the first mass use of vaccines have convincingly shown that effective vaccines are the key tools in the fight against dangerous infectious diseases, especially epidemic and pandemic ones. In the context of a rapidly spreading pandemic of a new infectious agent, it is crucial not only to develop fundamentally new vaccines, but also to be able to quickly organise their large-scale production. In the Russian Federation, in 2020, a team of the National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya developed an innovative vector vaccine, Gam-COVID-Vac, for the prevention of coronavirus disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A number of pharmaceutical companies faced the challenge of producing the vaccine. The aim of the study was to optimise the production technology of Gam-COVID-Vac for scaling and increasing the production capacity. In the course of the work, the authors established critical quality attributes of the product, optimised analytical methods for their control, identified poorly scalable technological stages, streamlined the technological process before its transfer to production, and modified non-scalable and technologically unfeasible stages. The work resulted in the launch of industrial-scale production of active pharmaceutical ingredients for both components of Gam-COVID-Vac, which made it possible not only to meet the critical need for COVID-19 immunoprophylaxis in the Russian Federation, but also to supply this vaccine to a number of foreign countries.Copyright © 2023 Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. All rights reserved.

Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic: Factors Affecting Decreased Incidence of Influenza

Introduction: Our goal was to identify if the cases of influenza declined in the state of Wisconsin during the COVID-19 pandemic and, if so, what factors may have been responsible for this decline. Method(s): Influenza rates during the 2018-2019 and 2020-2021 seasons were compared using data from Respiratory Virus Surveillance Reports from the Wisconsin Department of Health Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Result(s): The number of cases and hospitalizations due to influenza decreased significantly during the 2020-2021 influenza season compared to the 2018-2019 season, although mortality rates increased during 2020-2021. Discussion(s): Reducing the burden of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to influenza on the health care system is imperative. Taking the same preventive measures used during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as wearing masks, physical distancing, and frequent handwashing, should be advised, especially for the most vulnerable patient populations.Copyright © 2023, State Medical Society of Wisconsin. All rights reserved.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Screening Mammography During COVID-19

Purpose: Studies conducted prior to COVID-19 suggested that racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer screening percentages have substantially reduced over time. COVID-19 has had devastating effects on racial/ethnic minorities and resulted in delays in preventive breast cancer screening. Our purpose was to determine if racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to receive recommended breast cancer screening after the resumption of preventive care during the COVID19 pandemic. Method(s): HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board exempt retrospective cohort study was performed at a multi-location academic medical center located in the Midwest. Patients included women aged 50-74 years old between June 2021 and May 2022, derived from the electronic medical records. Primary outcomes variables included receipt of screening mammogram within the last two years. Primary exposure variables included race (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, Black or African American, White) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, and Not Hispanic/Latino). Binary outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders (insurance, age, preferred language, employment status, rural status). Result(s): 37,509 female patients without histories of mastectomies were included (mean age 63.1). 73.8% of eligible patients received a mammogram within the last two years. By race, 74.7% of White patients, 57.6% of Black patients, 67.0% of Asian/Pacific Islander patients, and 60.1% of American Indian patients received a screening mammogram within the last two years. In our unadjusted analyses, Black (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.52, p < 0.001), Asian (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.79, p < 0.001), and American Indian patients (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.66, p < 0.001) were less likely to receive recommended mammography screening. In our adjusted analyses, Black (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.61, p < 0.001), Asian (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.92, p = 0.003), and American Indian patients (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.82, p = 0.001) were less likely to receive recommended mammography screening. By ethnicity, 74.1% of Non-Hispanic patients and 64.2% of Hispanic patients received a screening mammogram within the last two years. In our unadjusted analyses, Hispanic patients (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.71, p < 0.001) were less likely to receive recommended mammography screening. In our adjusted analyses, Hispanic patients (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.08, p = 0.338) were comparably likely to receive recommended mammography screening. Patients with non-English preferred languages, uninsured or Medicaid patients, and patients living in rural areas were less likely to receive recommended mammography screening (p < 0.001). Conclusion(s): Racial/ethnic minority patients were less likely to receive recommended cancer screening after the resumption of preventive breast cancer screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted outreach efforts are required to ensure equitable access to breast cancer screening for racial/ethnic minorities, patients with non-English preferred languages, uninsured, Medicaid, and rural patients.

Can prolonged exposure to information on COVID-19 affect mental health negatively?

The COVID-19 pandemic delivered a heavy blow to social and economic development globally and presents an unprecedented challenge to public health and livelihoods. Using data from a survey on the living needs of people in China amid the COVID-19 outbreak, this study analysed the relationship between the duration of exposure to information on COVID-19 and mental health;the mediating effects of risk perception and confidence in pandemic prevention and control were also measured. We found that prolonged exposure to information on COVID-19 made people feel more anxious and stressed. Meanwhile, risk perception and confidence in pandemic prevention and control functioned as mediators between the duration of exposure to information on COVID-19 and anxiety and stress. Therefore, reduced duration of exposure to pandemic information can lower risk perception and enhance confidence in pandemic prevention and control. It can also relieve anxiety and stress caused by information about the spread of the pandemic.

EXPLORING BEHAVIOUR CHANGE SITUATIONS FOR PANDEMIC PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN PUBLIC SPACES IN HEFEI, CHINA

Protective behaviours – such as wearing face masks, ensuring good hygiene, maintaining social distancing, and limiting physical contact – have been acknowledged as effective non-pharmaceutical solutions for pandemic prevention. However, many people often fail to adhere to these behaviour modifications. To better understand the issue, this study explores individuals' behaviour change situations during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes appropriate design strategies. To collect valuable data for analysis, the researcher utilized three qualitative methods including observation, nominal group technique (NGT), and a user interview. Five facets of the current behaviour change situation were examined in Hefei, China. These include surveillance, publicity and information dissemination, public facilities and auxiliary tools design, people's attitudes towards behaviour change, and their actual behaviour performance. Moreover, the researchers also examined key challenges and design limitations of behaviour change situations, which were ranked based on voting results from three NGT groups. These theoretical findings may provide valuable insights to guide practical designs and policymaking within the domain of pandemic prevention and control © 2022, Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine.All Rights Reserved.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Preventive Measures of COVID-19 Pandemic during Ramadan 2020 and Quarantine in Some Egyptian Governorates

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global crisis. The month of Ramadan has coincided with the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward the preventive measures during Ramadan 2020 and quarantine, among the Egyptian population. METHOD(S): This cross-sectional study is conducted among Egyptians >=15 years of age. A convenience sample of 1150 responders is taken, over the period of the month of Ramadan 2020. An online self-administrated questionnaire is used and shared through social networks. KAP toward preventive measures for COVID-19 during Ramadan are assessed. RESULT(S): Results show that mean scores of KAP are higher among participants >20 years, mean +/- SD (3 +/- 1.1, 5.6 +/- 1.4, and 11.2 +/- 2.6, respectively). A significant difference is found between KAP scores and age with p-values (0.012, 0.002, and 0.000, respectively). Furthermore, there is a significant difference between practices score and gender (p = 0.010). Greater Cairo has the highest KAP mean scores, in comparison with other regions, mean +/- SD (3.3 +/- 1, 5.8 +/- 1.2, and 11.6 +/- 2.5, respectively). A significant difference is recorded between urban and rural areas, regarding KAP with p-value (0.000, 0.050, and 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION(S): In conclusion, low KAP scores are recorded among participants below the age of 20, and in rural areas and regions outside Greater Cairo. Low practices are associated more with males than females. The present study recommends raising awareness through the use of mass media, and health education programs that are to be directed to male members of the population, people under 20 years old, and to people residing in rural areas and in regions outside Greater Cairo, such as Upper and Lower Egypt, and border regions.Copyright © 2022 Suzan Hagag, Amira B. Kassem, Noha A El-Bassiouny, Sherouk M Okda, Mohammed Mustafa Abdel Razik Mohammed.

Ayurvedic Herbs and Spices: A Promising Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus accountable for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has led to many fatal cases worldwide. It causes a severe acute respiratory syndrome, a hyperinflammatory response, vascular damage, mi-croangiopathy, and widespread thrombosis. Vaccines, interferon therapies, and small-molecule drugs may be among the various alternatives for managing or preventing emerging SARS-CoV-2 infections. New interventions, on the other hand, are likely to take months to years to develop. Furthermore, existing antiviral agents commonly develop viral resistance along with certain side effects. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment medications without side effects against human coronavirus are urgently needed. Indian and Chinese traditional medicine have suggested some natural products for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of the diseases, including COVID-19 and various herbs and mushrooms that have been reported to possess potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, in this pandemic, traditional medicines pose a ray of hope for human health. The Ministry of Ayush, India, has also recommended a number of therapies to increase immunity in addition to ayurvedic treatments. Thus, the probability of naturally occurring substances as successful treatments against COVID-19 may seem hopeful due to their diverse biological and therapeutic properties. This review focuses on the latest updates of Ayurvedic herbs and spices as promising approaches for treatment during this devastating pandemic situation.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.

Physical activity, sleep and quality of life after stroke during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: Physical activity (PA) involves various aspects of daily life and is beneficial for health, however, after a stroke PA is lower, causing a decreased health related quality of life (HRQOL). In turn, subjects who perform less PA sleep more hours than recommended, being a risk factor for stroke. The effects generated by these variables could be enhanced under the current health context associated with SARS-CoV-2. Objective(s): To correlate PA, hours of sleep and HRQOL after a stroke. Method(s): Descriptive cross-sectional design. PA, sleep and HRQOL were measured using ActivPAL for 7 days, home diary and the ECVI-38 scale, respectively. Result(s): The sample made up of 3 men and 3 women walked 4,519 steps/day (SD +/- 2710), made 37.27 seated-standing transitions per day (SD 16.16), spent 7.63 hours sitting/day (SD +/- 3.11), stood 5.18 hours/day (SD +/- 3.21), walked 1.17 hours/day (SD +/- 0.68), slept 8.5 hours/day (SD +/- 1.30). A negative correlation was found between the number of steps per day and ECVI-38. No correlation was found between PA and hours of sleep. Conclusion(s): Increasing PA is essential for HRQOL as a prevention tool for stroke and CVD. The evidence and findings of this study invite consensus to classify PA and consider the hours of sleep, aspects that are closely related to health after a stroke.Copyright © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.

Nanotechnology Advancements in the Diagnosis and Prevention of COVID-19: Past and Future

Since the start of the decade, the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic has disrupted the world's healthcare system. Scientists have been engaged to bring about a therapeutic agent to help combat the dreaded disease. Many researchers have shown antivirals such as Remde-sivir and Favipiravir to be effective in the treatment;however, these drugs have a short half-life. Hence, the need for a drug delivery system that could prolong or alter their effect by increasing the potency of antivirals or vaccines has been proposed. Nanotechnology has always been at the fore-front of developing and diagnosing diseases. The idea of which can be borrowed to treat the novel coronavirus. The applicability needs to be vast as the disease has spread, and a fast, reliable, effective therapeutic and diagnostic procedure is the need of the hour. Emphasis on nanotechnology us-age through the intranasal and pulmonary route has been given and various applications have also been discussed in this review.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.